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demand creation

Толкование Перевод

1 demand creation

Реклама: создание спроса, формирование спроса

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > demand creation
2 demand creation

создание спроса

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > demand creation
3 creation

n

создание

- automatic account creation
- debt creation
- demand creation
- work creation
- creation of a corporation
- creation of credit
- creation of currency
- creation of deficit
- creation of demand
- creation of financial instruments
- creation of a market
- creation of money
- creation of a mortgage
- creation of new materials
- creation of new resources
- creation of provisions
- creation of required reserves
- creation of reserves
- creation of a stabilization fund

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > creation
4 creation

n

1) созидание; творение, создание

2) мироздание

- the whole creation

3) разработка принципа (напр., в общем процессе исследований и разработок)

•

- creation of money

- creation of international organizations

- creation of demand

- creation of reserves

- debt creation

- creation of credit

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > creation
5 creation

n

1) созидание

2) создание, творение

•

to stifle job creation — препятствовать созданию новых рабочих мест

- creation of demand
- job creation
- wealth creation

Politics english-russian dictionary > creation
6 creation

1) творчество, созидание

2) произведение

•

- creation of demand
- computer-assisted trademark creation
- intellectual creation
- literary creation

Patent terms dictionary > creation
7 creation of demand

Экономика: создание спроса

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > creation of demand
8 creation of demand

создание спроса

Politics english-russian dictionary > creation of demand
9 creation of demand

создание спроса

Patent terms dictionary > creation of demand
10 creation of demand

создание спроса

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > creation of demand
11 creation of demand

создание спроса

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > creation of demand
12 job

1. кадр. робота; праця; 2. посада; місце роботи (служби); 3. ком. замовлення; операція

1. виконання певних обов'язків чи послуг або виготовлення яких-небудь товарів (goods) на якомусь підприємстві чи в організації, установі як джерело заробітку; 2. службовий обов'язок, службове місце; 3. специфічний план чи проект, який доручає кому-небудь виготовити якийсь товар або виконати завдання

═════════■═════════

blue-collar job робота робітника; bonus job відрядна робота; commercial job комерційне замовлення; component job окрема виробнича операція; contract job замовлення на виробництво продукції • замовлення на послуги • продукція, вироблена на замовлення; dummy job несправжня операція • фіктивна операція; extra job додаткова робота; full-time job робота на повний робочий день • робота на повній ставці • робота протягом повного робочого дня; high-paid job високооплатна робота; individual job окрема робота; key job основна робота; low-paid job низькооплатна робота; odd job випадкова робота • нерегулярна робота; off-season job несезонна робота; part-time job робота на неповний робочий день • робота на неповній ставці • робота на півставки; permanent job постійна робота; piecework job відрядна робота • акордна робота; restricted job регламентована робота; rush job термінова робота; temporary job тимчасова робота; unrestricted job нерегламентована робота; white-collar job робота службовця або інженерно-технічного працівника

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job applicant особа, що подає заяву на роботу; job application form бланк для заяви на роботу; job card робочий наряд • облікова (калькуляційна) картка замовлень; job centre бюро працевлаштування; job change просування по службі; job classification класифікація робочих завдань • класифікація основних ставок заробітної плати; job costing; job cost system; job creation створення робочих місць; job creation program програма створення робочих місць; job creation scheme план створення робочих місць • програма створення робочих місць; job definition опис робочого завдання; job demand попит на робочі місця; job description опис робочого завдання; job design проектування роботи; job enlargement • укрупнення технологічних операцій • збільшення кількості робочих завдань • надання більшої важливості завданням, що виконуються; job enrichment підвищення різноманітності роботи; job estimate оцінка вартості роботи; job evaluation оцінка робочого завдання • оцінка складності роботи • визначення кваліфікації; job factor фактор роботи • характеристика роботи; job grading класифікація робочих завдань за складністю; job hunting гонитва за високооплачуваною роботою; job interview співбесіда з кандидатом на робоче місце; job migration міграція робочих місць • міграція виробництва; job offer пропозиція роботи; job opening відкриття вакансії; job order costing; job order costing system; job prospects перспективи на одержання роботи; job ranking method методика класифікації робочих завдань; — requirements вимоги до робочого завдання; job responsibilities посадові обов'язки; job retraining program програма перекваліфікації; job rotation ротація робіт • ротація робочих місць • ротація посад; job satisfaction задоволення роботою; job search пошук роботи; job security гарантія збереження робочого місця; job sharing розподіл робочих завдань • розподіл робочих годин; job title назва посади; to be out of a job бути без роботи; to carry out a job виконувати/виконати замовлення; to complete a job виконувати/виконати замовлення; to finish a job виконувати/виконати замовлення; to give a job давати/дати роботу; to give up a job відмовлятися/відмовитися від роботи; to have a job мати роботу; to look for a job шукати роботу; to lose a job втрачати/втратити роботу • бути звільненим з посади (роботи); to need a job потребувати роботи; to retire from a job залишати/залишити посаду (роботу) • іти/піти у відставку • іти/вийти на пенсію

job:: position:: employment

▹▹ employment

The English-Ukrainian Dictionary > job
13 job

‹ob
noun

1) (a person's daily work or employment: She has a job as a bank-clerk; Some of the unemployed men have been out of a job for four years.) trabajo

2) (a piece of work or a task: I have several jobs to do before going to bed.) tarea

•

- give up as a bad job
- a good job
- have a job
- just the job
- make the best of a bad job

job n

1. trabajo / empleo

what is your job? ¿en qué trabajas? / ¿cuál es tu trabajo?

2. tarea / trabajo

my father helps with the jobs about the house mi padre ayuda en las tareas de la casa

it's a good job... menos mal que...

it's a good job nobody saw you menos mal que no te vio nadie

Job

tr[ʤəʊb]

noun

1 Job

job ['ʤɑb] n

1) : trabajo m

he did odd jobs for her: le hizo algunos trabajos

2) chore, task: tarea f, quehacer m

3) employment: trabajo m, empleo m, puesto m

Job

n.

• Job s.m.

dʒəʊb
noun Job

Job's comforter — persona que intentando consolar empeora la situación

[dʒɒb]
1. N

1) (=employment) trabajo m, empleo m

what would the job involve? — ¿en qué consistiría el trabajo or empleo?

what's her job? — ¿de qué trabaja?

we shall create 1,000 new jobs — vamos a crear 1.000 puestos de trabajo más

• he got a job as a clerk — consiguió un trabajo or empleo de oficinista

• I think he's the best man for the job — creo que es el más apropiado para el puesto

• to be in a job — tener trabajo

• to look for a job — buscar (un) trabajo or empleo

• to lose one's job — (gen) perder el trabajo or empleo; (=be sacked) ser despedido

• to be out of a job — estar sin trabajo or empleo

if they go bankrupt we'll all be out of a job — si se arruinan nos quedaremos todos sin trabajo or empleo

to put sb out of a job — quitar el trabajo or empleo a algn

- jobs for the boys
day 2.
2) (=piece of work) trabajo m

I have a job for you — tengo un trabajo para ti

I'm afraid this is a job for a specialist — me parece que para esto hace falta un especialista

it was a big job — dio mucho trabajo, era mucho trabajo

it's a difficult job — es (un trabajo) muy difícil

• I'm paid by the job — me pagan a destajo

• I've got a few jobs to do — tengo algunas cosillas que hacer

to do a job for sb — hacer un encargo para algn, hacer un recado a algn

can you do a job for me? — ¿te puedo hacer un encargo?, ¿te puedo encargar algo?

she's doing a good job — trabaja bien

he has done a good job with the book — el libro le ha salido bien

we could do a far better job of it — podríamos hacer un trabajo muchísimo mejor

it's not ideal but it'll do the job — no es lo ideal pero valdrá

• let's get on with the job in hand — vamos a concentrarnos en el trabajo que tenemos entre manos

• to know one's job — conocer el oficio

he really knows his job — es un experto en lo suyo

• you've made a good job of painting the doors — has pintado muy bien las puertas

• he's out on a job at the moment — en este momento ha salido a hacer un trabajo

on the job: he fell asleep on the job — se quedó dormido trabajando

there was no formal training - they learned on the job — no se ofrecía formación específica - aprendían trabajando or sobre la marcha

he quit after five years on the job — se fue tras haber estado en el trabajo cinco años

to be on the job * — (=having sex) estar haciéndolo *

- fall down on the job

- if a job's worth doing, it's worth doing well
hatchet, nose 4., odd 3., repair I, 3.
3) (Comput) trabajo m

4) (=duty, responsibility)

my job is to sell them — yo estoy encargado de venderlos

that's not my job — eso no me incumbe a mí, eso no me toca a mí

he's only doing his job — está cumpliendo con su deber, nada más

I had the job of telling him — a mí me tocó decírselo

5) * (=undertaking)

it's quite a job, bringing up five children — es una tarea bastante dura, criar a cinco hijos

6) * (=difficulty)

to have a (hard) job doing/to do sth: we're having a hard job keeping up with the demand — nos está costando trabajo satisfacer la demanda

we had quite a job getting here! — ¡vaya que nos costó (trabajo) llegar!

we'll have a (hard) job to finish it in time — nos va a costar mucho trabajo terminarlo a tiempo

7) * (=state of affairs)

it's a bad job — es una situación difícil

• it's a good job he didn't see us — menos mal que no nos vio

• (and a) good job too! — ¡menos mal! *

- make the best of a bad job

we'll just have to make the best of a bad job — habrá que poner al mal tiempo buena cara

- give sth up as a bad job

she gave him up as a bad job — por imposible rompió con él

8) * (=crime) golpe * m

he was planning a bank job — planeaba un golpe en un banco

he was caught doing a bank job — lo cogieron or (LAm) agarraron asaltando un banco

that warehouse job — ese robo en el almacén
put-up
9) (Brit)
* (=thing)
this machine is just the job — esta máquina nos viene que ni pintada *, esta máquina nos viene al pelo *

a holiday in Majorca would be just the job — unas vacaciones en Mallorca nos vendrían de perlas or de maravilla

10) (Brit)
* (child language)
to do a job — hacer caca *

2. VI

1) (=do casual work) hacer trabajos temporales

2) (=work as middleman)

to job in sth — trabajar de intermediario en la compraventa de algo

3.

CPD

job action N — (US) movilización f (de trabajadores)

job advertisement N — oferta f de trabajo or empleo, anuncio m de trabajo or empleo

job analysis N — (Ind) análisis m del trabajo, análisis m ocupacional

job applicant N — solicitante mf de empleo or trabajo, aspirante mf (a un puesto)

job application N — solicitud f de trabajo or empleo

Job Centre N — = Jobcentre

job club N — grupo m de asesoramiento para desempleados

job control language N — lenguaje m de control de trabajo

job creation N — creación f de empleo, creación f de puestos de trabajo

job creation scheme N — plan m de creación de puestos de trabajo, plan m de creación de nuevos empleos

job description N — descripción f del trabajo

job evaluation, job grading N — evaluación f de empleos

job holder N — empleado(-a) m / f

job hunt N — búsqueda f de trabajo or empleo

job hunting N — búsqueda f de trabajo, búsqueda f de empleo

to go job hunting — salir a buscar trabajo or empleo

job interview N — entrevista f de trabajo

job losses NPL — pérdida fsing de puestos de trabajo

500 job losses — una pérdida de 500 puestos de trabajo

job lot N — lote m

to buy/sell sth as a job lot — comprar/vender algo en un lote

job market N — mercado m laboral

he soon found himself back on the job market — pronto se vio de nuevo buscando trabajo

job number N — número m del trabajo

job offer N — oferta f de trabajo or empleo

job opportunity N — oportunidad f de trabajo

job queue N — (Comput) cola f de trabajos

job requirement N — requisito m para el puesto

communication skills are a job requirement in public relations — la capacidad de comunicación es un requisito para el puesto de relaciones públicas

job satisfaction N — satisfacción f en el trabajo, satisfacción f profesional

job search N — búsqueda f de trabajo or empleo

job security N — seguridad f en el trabajo

job seeker N — demandante mf de empleo, persona f que busca trabajo

job seeker's allowance N — (Brit) prestación f por desempleo

job sharing N —

job sharing is encouraged here — intentamos fomentar el empleo compartido

I'm interested in the possibility of job sharing — me interesaría poder compartir el empleo con otra persona

job specification N — (for post) requisitos mpl para el puesto

job title N — (nombre m del) puesto m

job vacancy N — puesto m vacante

* * *
[dʒəʊb]
noun Job

Job's comforter — persona que intentando consolar empeora la situación

English-spanish dictionary > job
14 create

1. transitive verb
1) schaffen; erschaffen (geh.); verursachen [Verwirrung]; machen [Eindruck]; [Sache:] mit sich bringen, [Person:] machen [Schwierigkeiten]

create a scene — eine Szene machen

create a sensation — für eine Sensation sorgen

2) (design) schaffen; kreieren [Mode, Stil]

3) (invest with rank) ernennen

create somebody a peer — jemanden zum Peer erheben od. ernennen
2. intransitive verb
(Brit. coll.): (make a fuss) Theater machen (ugs.)

* * *
[kri'eit]
verb

1) (to cause to exist; to make: How was the earth created?; The circus created great excitement.) (er-)schaffen

2) (to give (a rank etc to): Sir John was created a knight in 1958.) ernennen zu

•

- academic.ru/17102/creation">creation
- creative
- creatively
- creativeness
- creativity
- creator
- the Creator
* * *

cre·ate

[kriˈeɪt]

I. vt

1. (make)

▪ to \create sth etw erschaffen [o geh kreieren]

who \created the world? wer hat die Welt erschaffen?

2. (cause)

▪ to \create sth etw erzeugen [o produzieren]

unemployment \creates many social problems durch die Arbeitslosigkeit entstehen viele soziale Probleme

to \create confusion Unruhe stiften

to \create an impression einen Eindruck erwecken

to \create a precedent einen Präzedenzfall schaffen

to \create a sensation Aufsehen erregen

3. ( form: give title)

he was \createed first Earl of Cheshunt er wurde zum ersten Earl von Cheshunt ernannt

II. vi BRIT, AUS ( fam) eine Szene machen fam

* * *
[kriː'eɪt]
1. vt

1) (= bring into existence) schaffen; new style, fashion also kreieren; the world, man erschaffen; draught, noise, fuss verursachen; difficulties machen; problems (person) schaffen; (action, event) verursachen, hervorbringen; impression machen; (COMPUT) file anlegen, erstellen

to create a sensation — eine Sensation sein

to create a fuss — Theater machen (inf)

2) (= appoint) peer ernennen

peers can only be created by the reigning monarch —

to create sb baron — jdn zum Baron erheben or ernennen

2. vi (Brit inf)
Theater machen (inf)
* * *

create [kriːˈeıt; krı-] v/t

1. (er)schaffen:

God created man

2. schaffen, ins Leben rufen, hervorbringen, erzeugen:

create jobs Arbeitsplätze schaffen

3. einen Skandal etc hervorrufen, verursachen:

create a demand einen Bedarf wecken;

create an impression einen Eindruck machen;

create an opportunity (a situation) eine Gelegenheit (eine Lage) schaffen;

create a scoring chance SPORT eine Torchance herausspielen

4. WIRTSCH, JUR

a) eine Gesellschaft gründen, errichten, ins Leben rufen

b) eine Haftung etc begründen

c) eine Hypothek bestellen

d) Geld, Kredit schöpfen

5. THEAT etc, Mode: kreieren

6. jemanden ernennen:

create a peer

7. jemanden erheben zu, machen zu:

create sb a peer

* * *
1. transitive verb
1) schaffen; erschaffen (geh.); verursachen [Verwirrung]; machen [Eindruck]; [Sache:] mit sich bringen, [Person:] machen [Schwierigkeiten]

create a scene — eine Szene machen

create a sensation — für eine Sensation sorgen

2) (design) schaffen; kreieren [Mode, Stil]

3) (invest with rank) ernennen

create somebody a peer — jemanden zum Peer erheben od. ernennen
2. intransitive verb
(Brit. coll.): (make a fuss) Theater machen (ugs.)

* * *

v.

entwerfen v.

erschaffen v.

erstellen v.

erzeugen v.

hervorbringen v.

kreieren v.

schaffen v.

English-german dictionary > create
15 Chronology

15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.

400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.

202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.

137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.

410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.

714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.

1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.

1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.

1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.

1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.

1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).

1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.

1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.

1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.

1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.

1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.

1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.

1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.

1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.

1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.

1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.

1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.

1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.

1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.

1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.

1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.

1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.

1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).

1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.

1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.

1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.

1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.

   King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.

   King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.

1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.

1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.

1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.

   Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.

   Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.

   Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.

1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.

1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.

1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.

1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.

1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.

1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.

1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.

1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.

1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.

1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.

1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.

1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.

1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.

1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.

1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.

1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.

1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.

1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.

1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.

1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.

1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.

1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.

1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.

1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.

1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.

   Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.

   King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.

1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of

   Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.

   Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.

   King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.

1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.

1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.

1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.

1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.

1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.

1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.

   January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.

   Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.

1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.

1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.

1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.

1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.

1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.

   May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.

   March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.

   Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.

1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.

1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January

1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.

1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."

   28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.

   February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.

   April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.

1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.

1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."

1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.

   6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.

   8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.

1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.

1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.

1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).

   January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.

1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.

1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.

1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.

   March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.

   March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.

1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July

1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.

1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).

1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.

1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.

   January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.

   January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.

   November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.

   October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.

   January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.

   May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.

   October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.

   January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).

   United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.

   January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.

   1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

   May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.

   June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.

   February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.

   January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.

   July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.

2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology
16 credit

n

kredit, zajam, potraћivanje

• acceptance credit akceptni kredit

• automatic credit automatski kredit

• bank credit bankovni kredit

• bilateral credit bilateralni kredit

• bilateral credit limit bilateralni kreditni limit

Bilj.: Granica kreditne izloћenosti sudionika u platnom sustavu prema drugomu sudioniku zbog primitka plaćanja koja joљ nisu namirena

• book credit knjigovodstveni kredit

• bridging credit kredit za premoљćivanje

• buyer’s credit kupčev kredit

• cash credit gotovinski kredit

• central bank credit kredit srediљnje banke (npr. eskontni krediti)

• central bank credit ( liquidity) facility kredit srediљnje banke (za likvidnost)

• commercial credit komercijalni kredit

• confirmed line of credit potvrđena kreditna linija

• consumer credit potroљački kredit

• cost of credit troљak kredita

• credit risk kreditni rizik

• credit account kreditni račun

• credit agreement ugovor o kreditu

• credit bank kreditna banka

• credit based on personal property kredit koji se temelji na osobnoj imovini, kredit uz zalog osobne imovine

• credit caps kvantitativno ograničenje transfera sredstava (pojedinoga sudionika u sustavu)

Bilj.: Ograničiti se moћe neto dugovna pozicija ili neto potraћna pozicija sudionika u sustavu

• credit card kreditna kartica

• credit card company druљtvo koje se bavi kartičnim poslovanjem

• credit ceiling gornja granica kredita

• credit charge troљak kredita

• credit control kontrola kredita

• credit cooperative kreditna zadruga

• credit creation emisija kredita

• credit derivative kreditni derivat

• credit enhancement povećanje ponude kredita

• credit expansion kreditna ekspanzija

• credit exposure kreditna izloћenost

• credit facility kreditna pogodnost

• credit financing financiranje kreditom

• credit for construction kredit za izgradnju

• credit freeze kreditna kontrakcija

• credit guarantee kreditno jamstvo

• credit history kreditna (bonitetna) povijest zajmoprimca

• credit information centre kreditno informacijsko srediљte

• credit information source izvor informacija o kreditu

• credit institution (CI) kreditna institucija

• credit insurance kreditno osiguranje

• credit life insurance kreditno ћivotno osiguranje

• credit limit gornja granica kredita

• credit line kreditna linija

• credit market trћiљte kredita

• credit mechanism kreditni mehanizam

• credit multiplier kreditni multiplikator

• credit operation kreditni posao (transakcija)

• credit period kreditno razdoblje (rok dospijeća kredita)

• credit policy kreditna politika

• credit position kreditna/potraћna pozicija

• credit ratings and reports kreditno rangiranje i izvjeљća

• credit restriction kreditno ograničenje

• credit risk kreditni rizik

• credit sale prodaja na kredit

• credit scoring system sustav ocjene boniteta podnositelja kreditnoga zahtjeva

• credit secured on goods, chattels or securities kredit osiguran robom, pokretnom imovinom ili vrijednosnim papirima

• credit secured on real property kredit osiguran materijalnom imovinom

• credit squeeze kreditna kontrakcija

• credit system kreditni sustav

• credit terms kreditni uvjeti

• credit to euro area resident kredit rezidentu u europodručju

• credit to finance production kredit za financiranje proizvodnje

• credit transfer virmanski nalog

• credit transfer system sustav virmanskoga naloga

• credit union kreditna unija

• credit volume iznos kredita

• credits and debits potraћivanja i dugovanja

• current account credit kredit po tekućem računu

• current credit tekući kredit

• daylight credit dnevni kredit

Bilj.: Dnevno prekoračenje koje moћe odobriti srediљnja banka radi poravnanja neusklađenosti platne namire

• demand for credit potraћnja za kreditima

• discount credit diskontni kredit

• documentary credit dokumentarni akreditiv

• documentary letter of credit dokumentarni akreditiv

• domestic credit domaći kredit

• domestic credit expansion ekspanzija domaćih kredita

• euro-credit kredit u eurima

• export credit izvozni zajam/kredit (za premoљćivanje troљkova proizvodnje i naplate izvoza)

• export credit guarantee facility jamstvo za izvozne zajmove/kredite

• export credit insurance osiguranje izvoznih zajmova//kredita

• export credits guarantee department ured (vlade) za jamstvo za izvozne kredite

• extended fund facility credits kredit MMF-a za pruћanje podrљke srednjoročnim programima

Bilj.: Obično u trajanju od 3 godine za prevladavanje teљkoća platne bilance koje nastaju zbog problema makroekonomske i strukturne prirode

• external credit inozemni kredit

• farm credit kredit za poljoprivredu

• foreign credit inozemni kredit

• foreign credit insurance association udruћenje za osiguranje inozemnoga zajma/kredita

• free credit beskamatni kredit

• grant credit odobriti kredit

• industrial credit industrijski kredit

• instalment credit kredit na rate

• international credit međunarodni kredit

• intraday credit dnevni kredit (kredit unutar jednoga dana, kredit koji dospijeva u roku od jednoga dana)

• investment credit investicijski kredit

• letter of credit (L/C) kreditno pismo, akreditiv

• limited credit ograničeni kredit

• line of credit kreditna linija

• lombard credit lombardni kredit

Bilj.: Kredit koje srediљnja banka odobrava bankama na temelju određenih unaprijed propisanih vrijednosnih papira kao zalog

• long-term credit dugoročni kredit

• medium-term credit srednjoročni kredit

• money market credit zajam/kredit trћiљta novca

• mortgage credit hipotekarni kredit

• multilateral credit limit viљestrani kreditni limit

• open-end credit otvoreni kredit

• overall credit expansion ukupno povećanje kredita

• personal credit osobni kredit

• provisions for credit losses or loss reserves pričuve za gubitke po nenaplativim kreditima

• revolving credit obnovljivi kredit

• revolving credit commitment ugovor o obnavljivom kreditu

• roll-over credit obnovljivi kredit

• secured credit osigurani kredit (kredit osiguran zaloћnim pravom)

• selective credit control selektivna kontrola kredita

• solvency of credit institutions solventnost kreditnih ustanova

• sources of credit izvori kreditiranja

• stand-by credit stand-by kredit

• supply of credit kreditna ponuda

• trade credit financing financiranje trgovačkim kreditom

• unsecured credit kredit bez osiguranja, bjanko kredit

Englesko-Hrvatski Glosar bankarstva, osiguranja i ostalih financijskih usluga > credit
17 BANK DEPOSIT

Банковский вклад
Денежные средства, хранящиеся на депозите в коммерческом или сберегательном банке. Банковские вклады бывают двух видов: вклады до востребования (demand/sight deposit) (см. Current account 2), с которых можно снять денежные средства по первому требованию, и срочные вклады (time deposit) (см. Deposit account), средства с которых можно изъять только после предварительного уведомления. Текущие счета представляют собой ликвидные активы, которые используются для финансирования текущих операций и проведения регулярных платежей, в то время как срочные счета служат для сбережений и покрытия непредвиденных расходов. См. Bank deposit creation, Monetary policy.

Новый англо-русский словарь-справочник. Экономика. > BANK DEPOSIT
18 MONETARY POLICY

Денежно-кредитная политика
Экономические средства государственной макроэкономической политики, используемые для регулирования денежной массы, кредита и процентных ставок. Институты монетарного регулирования, главным образом центральные банки, используют целый ряд методов воздействия на денежную массу. Прежде всего, это операции на открытом рынке (см. Open-market operations). Они нацелены на изменение базы ликвидности банковской системы и выражаются в купле-продаже государственных ценных бумаг (облигаций и казначейских векселей), что ведет к изменению количества средств на банковских депозитах в коммерческих банках и, следовательно, способности банков кредитовать своих клиентов. Например, если государство намеревается сократить денежную массу, оно может начать продажу широкой публике своих долгосрочных облигаций. Покупатели оплачивают эти облигации, списывая суммы со своих банковских счетов, что в свою очередь заставляет банки сокращать объем кредитования (см. Bank deposit creation). Средством регулирования являются также требования денежно-кредитных учреждений к банкам помещать определенную часть ликвидных средств на специальный счет в центральном банке (см. Special deposit), который затем замораживается, т.е. банки не могут использовать средства с этого счета для кредитования, что также ведет к сокращению денежной массы. В Великобритании Банк Англии может издавать так называемые директивы, представляющие собой требование к банкам не превышать установленный уровень кредитования или сократить некоторые виды кредитования (например кредиты на покупку автомобилей). Регулирующие органы также могут осуществлять контроль за потребительским кредитом, предоставляемым финансовыми домами, с целью ограничения расходов. Они могут, например, сузить возможности пользования кредитом с рассрочкой платежа путем увеличения суммы первого взноса и сокращения срока погашения кредита. Наконец, государство может прибегнуть к регулированию уровня процентной ставки. Этот метод является самым проверенным, однако все реже применяется на практике. Сокращая предложение денег относительно спроса на них, государственные власти могут повысить процентную ставку с целью ограничения кредитных операций в целом. На практике применение инструментов денежно-кредитной политики сопряжено с множеством трудностей. Одна из проблем заключается в том, что не существует однозначного толкования понятия « денежная масса». Любая попытка установления целевых ориентиров достижения той или иной величины денежной массы может оказаться неудачной из-за «переключения» с одного актива на другой. Предположим, что центральный банк взял курс на достижение показателя М3 с целью регулирования денежной массы и использовал соответствующие методы денежно-кредитной политики для снижения уровня банковских депозитов. Однако этого может быть недостаточно для снижения расходов в экономике. Экономические субъекты могут переключиться на денежный агрегат М4, снимая средства со своих банковских счетов для финансирования текущего потребления (см. Money-supply definitions). Кроме того, отсутствие ограничений на пути потоков валютных средств затрудняет проведение государством своей внутренней монетарной политики без учета ее влияния на другие страны. Например, страна, ставящая перед собой цель ограничения кредитования, что подразумевает увеличение процентных ставок, будет привлекать в страну иностранную валюту, а это вызовет рост курса ее национальной валюты. В послевоенные годы денежно-кредитная политика использовалась для краткосрочной стабилизации экономики и стояла на втором месте после фискальной политики. В последние годы комплекс мер денежно-кредитной политики все чаще используется для обеспечения безинфляционного денежного обращения на долгосрочной основе. См. Economic policy, Money-demand schedule, Money-supply/spending linkages, Monetarism, Quantity theory of money, Medium-term financial strategy, Financial innovation, Monetary accomodation.

Новый англо-русский словарь-справочник. Экономика. > MONETARY POLICY
19 lending

сущ.

1) банк., фин. предоставление займов [кредитов, ссуд], кредитование

bank lending — банковское кредитование

consumer lending — потребительское кредитование

See:

asset-based lending, discount window lending, lending at a premium, lending at a rate, mortgage lending, secured lending

2)

а) банк., фин. займы, кредиты, ссуды

б) общ. одолженный предмет

lending library — библиотека с выдачей книг на дом; отдел абонемента, абонемент

3) банк., стат. объем кредитования коммерческими банками (за определенный период времени; статистический показатель, характеризующий состояние экономики: уровень потребительского спроса, предложения денег; как индикатор, несущий информацию о фазе бизнес-цикла, влияет на принятие инвестиционных решений)

See:

credit creation, crediting, consumer demand, money supply, business cycle, fundamental analysis

The new English-Russian dictionary of financial markets > lending
20 world

1. n мир, свет, земля, земной шар

the whole world — весь мир

to bring into the world — произвести на свет, родить

to come into the world — появиться на свет, родиться

a citizen of the world — гражданин мира, космополит

to isolate from the whole world — изолировать от всего мира

demand of the peoples of the world — требование народов мира

from a very far part of the world — из далёкого уголка мира

overall alignment of world forces — расстановка сил в мире

heliocentric world system — гелиоцентрическая система мира

2. n планета

are there any other inhabited worlds? — есть ли ещё обитаемые миры, кроме нашего?

danger spots of the world — взрывоопасные точки планеты

3. n мир, вселенная

World cup — кубок Мира

versal world — весь мир

third world — третий мир

arab world — арабский мир

free world — свободный мир

4. n часть земного шара

the Third World countries — страны «третьего мира»

to make a noise in the world — вызывать много шума

halfway around the world — половина земного шара

the five parts of the world — пять частей света

5. n население земного шара, человечество

6. n сфера, область

the world of books — мир книг

7. n мир, царство

the animal world — животный мир

wicked world — грешный мир

naughty world — грешный мир

outside world — внешний мир

spirit world — духовный мир

business world — деловой мир

8. n период истории

the ancient world — древний мир

world history — всемирная история

9. n жизнь

to begin the world — вступить в жизнь

to begin the world anew — начать новую жизнь

to have the world before one — иметь перед собой всю жизнь;

to take the world as it is — приспосабливаться к жизни; воспринимать мир таким, каков он есть

to know the world — иметь опыт, знать жизнь

to come up in the world — сделать карьеру, преуспеть в жизни

to come down in the world — утратить прежнее положение в обществе

how is the world using you?, how goes the world with you? — как дела?, как живёте?

to die to the world — утратить интерес к жизни

the world of spirit — духовный мир, духовная жизнь

rise in the world — сделать карьеру; преуспеть в жизни

come up in the world — сделать карьеру; преуспеть в жизни

10. n окружающая среда; мир, мирок; круг

her middle-class world — её мещанский мирок, её мелкобуржуазное окружение

world games — чемпионат мира

World champion — чемпион мира

external world — внешний мир

Banking World — Банковский Мир

developed world — развитый мир

11. n общество

the great world, the world of fashion — высший свет

all the world and his wife — «весь свет»

he lives out of the world — он редко бывает в обществе

world body — мировое сообщество

world community — мировое сообщество

body of the world — мировое сообщество

the great world — светское общество, высший свет

to come down in the world — потерять положение в обществе

12. n разг. множество, масса, уйма

a world of faults — уйма недостатков

a world of waters — необозримая водная гладь

a world of money — бешеные деньги

to bring upon oneself a world of trouble — навлечь на себя массу неприятностей

the holiday did me a world of good — отпуск принёс мне огромную пользу

13. a относящийся ко всему миру, всемирный, мировой

a world championship — первенство мира

world food security — мировая продовольственная безопасность

veterans of World War II — участники второй мировой войны

quantum of world trade — физический объем мировой торговли

before the foundation of the world — прежде основания мира

looking glass world — мир, где всё наоборот, странный мир

14. a охватывающий весь мир

world peace — мир во всём мире

world champion — чемпион мира

world sharpest — лучший в мире

disarmed world — мир без оружия

the outside world — внешний мир

top of the world — вершина мира

15. a известный во всём мире

world scientist — учёный с мировым именем

World ranking — классификация сильнейших спортсменов мира

the little people of the world — простые люди всего мира

the things of this world — предметы материального мира

Second World — второй мир, индустриальные страны мира

world of commerce — коммерческие круги; торговый мир

Синонимический ряд:

1. atmosphere (noun) ambience; atmosphere; climate; environment; medium; milieu; nature; surroundings

2. earth (noun) biosphere; cradle of humanity; earth; globe; mother earth; orb; planet; spaceship earth; terrestrial sphere; the planet

3. humanity (noun) humanity; mankind; society

4. realm (noun) circle; division; domain; kingdom; province; realm; social milieu; sphere

5. universe (noun) cosmos; creation; kosmos; macrocosm; macrocosmos; megacosm; nature; universe

English-Russian base dictionary > world

Страницы

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Soft On Demand — Logo de Soft On Demand Création décembre 1995 Fondateurs Ganari Takahashi … Wikipédia en Français
Self-creation cosmology — (SCC) theories are gravitational theories in which the mass of the universe is created out of its self contained gravitational and scalar fields, as opposed to the theory of continuous creation cosmology or the steady state theory which depend on … Wikipedia
Aggregate demand — This article is about a concept in macroeconomics. For microeconomic demand aggregated over consumers, see Demand curve. In macroeconomics, aggregate demand (AD) is the total demand for final goods and services in the economy (Y) at a given time… … Wikipedia
Print on demand — (POD), sometimes called, in error, publish on demand, is a printing technology and business process in which new copies of a book (or other document) are not printed until an order has been received. Print on Demand developed only after digital… … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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demand creation

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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demand creation

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